Lachance and Bussell Family Genealogy
FORTIER, François
1713 - 1789 (76 years)1. FORTIER, François was born on 5 Feb 1713 in Sainte-Famille, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was christened on 6 Feb 1713 in Sainte-Famille, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada (son of FORTIER, Charles and BLOUIN DIT LAVIOLETTE, Marie-Françoise); died on 31 Jul 1789 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was buried on 1 Aug 1789 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada. François married MARTEL DIT LAMONTAGNE, Marie-Josèphe on 11 Aug 1744 in (Saint-Pierre), Saint-Pierre, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada. Marie-Josèphe (daughter of MARTEL DIT LAMONTAGNE, Antoine and GUILLOT, Catherine) was born on 28 Apr 1725 in Saint-Pierre, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died on 5 May 1806 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was buried on 6 May 1806 in (Saint-Jean-Baptiste), Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
Children:- FORTIER, François was born on 28 Oct 1745 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; and died.
- FORTIER, Marie-Josèphe was born about 22 Jan 1747 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was christened on 22 Jan 1747 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; and died.
- FORTIER, Marie-Charles was born about 27 Nov 1748 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was christened on 27 Nov 1748 in (Saint-Jean-Baptiste), Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died about 26 Sep 1749 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was buried on 26 Sep 1749 in (Saint-Jean-Baptiste), Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
- FORTIER, Marie-Rose was born about 21 Jul 1750 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was christened on 21 Jul 1750 in (Saint-Jean-Baptiste), Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; and died.
- FORTIER, Genevieve was born about 8 Jul 1752 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was christened on 8 Jul 1752 in (Saint-Jean-Baptiste), Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; and died.
- FORTIER, Marie-Madeleine was born on 18 Feb 1754 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; and died.
- FORTIER, Pierre Noël was born on 19 Nov 1755 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; and died.
- FORTIER, Marie-Francoise was born about 6 May 1757 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was christened on 6 May 1757 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; and died.
- FORTIER, Leonard was born on 1 Feb 1759 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; and died.
- FORTIER, Laurent was born on 11 Jul 1761 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; and died.
- FORTIER, Jean-Baptiste was born on 28 Feb 1763 in Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; and died.
- FORTIER, Charles was born on 22 Jan 1765 in Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; and died.
- FORTIER, Antoine was born after 1765; and died.
2. FORTIER, Charles was born on 4 May 1683 in Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada (son of FORTIER, Antoine and COURVILLE DIT CADIEUX, Marie-Madeleine); died about 11 Mar 1753 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was buried on 11 Mar 1753 in (Saint-Jean-Baptiste), Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada. Charles married BLOUIN DIT LAVIOLETTE, Marie-Françoise about 9 Jul 1709 in Lieu Indéterminé, (au Québec), Canada. Marie-Françoise (daughter of BLOUIN DIT LAVIOLETTE, Émery and CARREAU DIT LAFRAICHEUR, Marie) was born on 26 May 1688 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died on 30 Dec 1762 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
3. BLOUIN DIT LAVIOLETTE, Marie-Françoise was born on 26 May 1688 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada (daughter of BLOUIN DIT LAVIOLETTE, Émery and CARREAU DIT LAFRAICHEUR, Marie); died on 30 Dec 1762 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada. Children:
- FORTIER, Marie-Charlotte was born after 1709; and died.
- 1. FORTIER, François was born on 5 Feb 1713 in Sainte-Famille, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was christened on 6 Feb 1713 in Sainte-Famille, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died on 31 Jul 1789 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was buried on 1 Aug 1789 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
- FORTIER, Charles and died.
Generation: 3
4. FORTIER, Antoine was born on 26 Jun 1646 in St-Jacques, Dieppe, Normandie, France; was christened on 26 Jun 1646 in St-Jacques, Dieppe, Normandie, France (son of FORTIER, Noël and GOLLE, Marthe); died on 12 Jun 1707 in Lieu Indéterminé, (au Québec), Canada. Antoine married COURVILLE DIT CADIEUX, Marie-Madeleine about 21 Nov 1677 in Lieu Indéterminé, (au Québec), Canada. Marie-Madeleine (daughter of COURVILLE DIT CADIEUX, Charles and MACART, Madeleine) was born on 26 Oct 1659 in Québec, Canada; died on 26 Feb 1715 in Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was buried on 27 Feb 1715 in (Saint-Laurent), Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
5. COURVILLE DIT CADIEUX, Marie-Madeleine was born on 26 Oct 1659 in Québec, Canada (daughter of COURVILLE DIT CADIEUX, Charles and MACART, Madeleine); died on 26 Feb 1715 in Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was buried on 27 Feb 1715 in (Saint-Laurent), Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada. Children:
- FORTIER, Marie-Madeleine was born on 7 Nov 1678 in Sainte-Famille, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was christened on 11 Nov 1678 in (Sainte-Famille), Sainte-Famille, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died on 30 Jul 1756 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was buried on 31 Jul 1756 in (Saint-Jean-Baptiste), Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
- FORTIER, Antoine was born on 29 Feb 1680 in Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was christened on 10 Mar 1680 in (Saint-Laurent), Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died on 23 May 1749 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was buried on 23 May 1749 in (Saint-Jean-Baptiste), Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
- FORTIER, Jean-Baptiste was born on 7 Sep 1681 in Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was christened on 15 Sep 1681 in (Saint-Laurent), Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died about 20 Dec 1750 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was buried on 30 Dec 1750 in (Saint-Jean-Baptiste), Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
- 2. FORTIER, Charles was born on 4 May 1683 in Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died about 11 Mar 1753 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was buried on 11 Mar 1753 in (Saint-Jean-Baptiste), Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
- FORTIER, Michel was born on 1 Feb 1685 in Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was christened on 5 Feb 1685 in (Saint-Laurent), Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died about 9 Sep 1724 in Québec, (Québec-ville), Québec, Canada; was buried on 9 Sep 1724 in (Notre-Dame-de-Québec), Québec, (Québec-ville), Canada.
- FORTIER, Pierre Noël was born on 25 Nov 1686 in Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was christened on 27 Nov 1686 in (Saint-Laurent), Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died on 17 Feb 1731 in Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was buried on 19 Feb 1731 in (Saint-Laurent), Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
- FORTIER, Guillaume was born on 1 Jan 1689 in Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was christened on 3 Jan 1689 in (Saint-Laurent), Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died about 28 Mar 1750 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was buried on 28 Mar 1750 in (Saint-Jean-Baptiste), Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
- FORTIER, Jean François was born on 27 Dec 1690 in Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died on 16 May 1715 in Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was buried on 27 May 1715 in (Saint-Laurent), Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
- FORTIER, Nicolas was born on 20 Oct 1694 in Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was christened on 25 Oct 1694 in (Saint-Laurent), Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died about 22 Oct 1715; was buried on 22 Oct 1715 in (Sts-Pierre-et-Paul), Baie-Saint-Paul, (Charlevoix), Québec, Canada.
- FORTIER, Louis was born on 24 Mar 1697 in Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was christened on 24 Mar 1697 in (Saint-Laurent), Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died about 21 Oct 1749 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was buried on 31 Oct 1749 in (Saint-Jean-Baptiste), Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
- FORTIER, Joseph was born on 31 Mar 1699 in Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was christened on 2 Apr 1699 in (Saint-Laurent), Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died on 12 Jan 1775 in St-Michel, (Bellechasse), Québec, Canada; was buried on 13 Jan 1775 in (St-Michel-de-La-Durantaye), St-Michel, (Bellechasse), Québec, Canada.
- FORTIER, Anne was born on 19 Dec 1701 in Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was christened on 19 Dec 1701 in (Saint-Laurent), Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died about 11 Jun 1703 in Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was buried on 11 Jun 1703 in (Saint-Laurent), Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
6. BLOUIN DIT LAVIOLETTE, Émery was born about 1641 in Saint-Pierre d'Étusson, Bressuire, Poitou, France (son of Living and Living); died on 14 Jul 1707 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada. Émery married CARREAU DIT LAFRAICHEUR, Marie on 30 Nov 1669 in (La Visitation-de-Notre-Dame), Château-Richer, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada. Marie (daughter of CARREAU DIT LAFRAICHEUR, Louis and LEROUGE DIT ST-DENIS, Jeanne) was born on 20 Mar 1655 in Québec, Canada; died on 10 Feb 1722 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
7. CARREAU DIT LAFRAICHEUR, Marie was born on 20 Mar 1655 in Québec, Canada (daughter of CARREAU DIT LAFRAICHEUR, Louis and LEROUGE DIT ST-DENIS, Jeanne); died on 10 Feb 1722 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada. Children:
- BLOUIN, Marie-Françoise was born on 5 Jan 1671 in Sainte-Famille, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died before 1681.
- BLOUIN DIT LAVIOLETTE, Jean was born on 11 Jul 1672 in Québec, (Québec-ville), Québec, Canada; died about 29 Mar 1745 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was buried on 29 Mar 1745 in (Saint-Jean-Baptiste), Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
- BLOUIN DIT LAVIOLETTE, Marie-Madeleine was born on 12 May 1674 in Québec, (Québec-ville), Québec, Canada; died on 11 Sep 1755 in Saint-François, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
- BLOUIN DIT LAVIOLETTE, Jacques was born on 2 Apr 1676 in Sainte-Famille, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died about 16 Jan 1744 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was buried on 16 Jan 1744 in (Saint-Jean-Baptiste), Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
- BLOUIN DIT LAVIOLETTE, Anne-Marie was born on 6 Apr 1678 in Sainte-Famille, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died on 20 Dec 1749 in Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
- BLOUIN DIT LAVIOLETTE, Marie-Catherine was born about 27 Oct 1680 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was christened on 27 Oct 1680 in (Saint-Jean-Baptiste), Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died on 12 Jan 1776 in Sainte-Famille, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
- BLOUIN, Anonyme was born on 28 Feb 1683 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died on 28 Feb 1683 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
- BLOUIN, Louise was born on 27 Jan 1684 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died on 3 Feb 1684 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
- BLOUIN DIT LAVIOLETTE, Marguerite was born on 9 Aug 1685 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died on 19 Jul 1753 in Québec, (Québec-ville), Québec, Canada.
- BLOUIN, Pierre was born about 1687 in Lieu Indéterminé, (au Québec), Canada; died on 30 Dec 1785 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
- 3. BLOUIN DIT LAVIOLETTE, Marie-Françoise was born on 26 May 1688 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died on 30 Dec 1762 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
- BLOUIN DIT LAVIOLETTE, Gabriel was born about 16 May 1691 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was christened on 16 May 1691 in (Saint-Jean-Baptiste), Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died on 11 Mar 1772 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
- BLOUIN DIT LAVIOLETTE, Marie-Genevieve was born about 4 Dec 1693 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was christened on 4 Dec 1693 in (Saint-Jean-Baptiste), Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; and died.
- BLOUIN DIT LAVIOLETTE, Marie-Madeleine was born on 2 Jan 1696 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died on 3 Mar 1748 in Lauzon, (Levis), Québec, Canada.
- BLOUIN DIT LAVIOLETTE, Paul was born on 28 Aug 1699 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; died on 6 Aug 1784 in Lanoraie, (Berthier), Québec, Canada.
Generation: 4
8. FORTIER, Noël was born about 1593 in Dieppe, Normandie, France; died on 30 Mar 1683 in Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was buried on 31 Mar 1683 in (Saint-Laurent), Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada. Noël married GOLLE, Marthe on 26 May 1638 in St-Rémy de Dieppe, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France. Marthe was born about 1625 in St-Rémy de Dieppe, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
9. GOLLE, Marthe was born about 1625 in St-Rémy de Dieppe, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France; and died. Children:
- FORTIER, Marthe was born on 8 May 1639 in St-Jacques, Dieppe, Normandie, France; died on 29 Jun 1639 in St-Jacques, Dieppe, Normandie, France.
- FORTIER, Noël was born on 17 Oct 1640 in St-Jacques, Dieppe, Normandie, France; and died.
- 4. FORTIER, Antoine was born on 26 Jun 1646 in St-Jacques, Dieppe, Normandie, France; was christened on 26 Jun 1646 in St-Jacques, Dieppe, Normandie, France; died on 12 Jun 1707 in Lieu Indéterminé, (au Québec), Canada.
- FORTIER, Catherine was born on 1 Nov 1647 in St-Jacques, Dieppe, Normandie, France; and died.
10. COURVILLE DIT CADIEUX, Charles was born about 1628; died before 9 Aug 1715. Charles married MACART, Madeleine about 1652 in La Rochelle, Aunis, France. Madeleine was born about 1637; died on 13 Apr 1700 in Beauport, (Québec), Québec, Canada. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
11. MACART, Madeleine was born about 1637; died on 13 Apr 1700 in Beauport, (Québec), Québec, Canada. Children:
- CADIEUX, Madeleine was born about 12 Jan 1653 in France; was christened on 12 Jan 1653 in St-Barthelemi, La Rochelle, Aunis, France; was buried on 17 Mar 1661 in (Notre-Dame-de-Québec), Québec, (Québec-ville), Canada.
- CADIEUX, Jean Charles was born about 24 Oct 1655 in (Notre-Dame-de-Québec), Québec, (Québec-ville), Canada; was christened on 24 Oct 1655 in (Notre-Dame-de-Québec), Québec, (Québec-ville), Canada; died on 24 May 1709 in Beauport, (Québec), Québec, Canada.
- COURVILLE DIT CADIEUX, Marie was born on 22 Jul 1657 in Québec, Canada; died on 16 Apr 1733 in Cap-Saint-Ignace, (Montmagny), Québec, Canada.
- 5. COURVILLE DIT CADIEUX, Marie-Madeleine was born on 26 Oct 1659 in Québec, Canada; died on 26 Feb 1715 in Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada; was buried on 27 Feb 1715 in (Saint-Laurent), Saint-Laurent, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
- COURVILLE DIT CADIEUX, Jeanne was born on 1 Apr 1663 in Québec, Canada; died on 2 Feb 1696 in l'Hôtel-Dieu (de Québec), Québec City, Canada.
- CADIEUX, Agnes was born on 13 May 1666 in Québec, Canada; died in May 1666; was buried on 26 May 1666 in Québec, Canada.
- COURVILLE DIT CADIEUX, Louise was born on 7 Sep 1667 in Québec, Canada; died on 20 Jan 1703 in Beauport, (Québec), Québec, Canada.
- CADIEUX, Françoise was born on 9 Dec 1669 in Beauport, (Québec), Québec, Canada; and died.
- CADIEUX, François was born on 14 Oct 1673 in Montmorency, Beauport, Québec, Canada; died on 12 Jan 1703 in Beauport, (Québec), Québec, Canada.
- CADIEUX, Pierre was born about 1677; and died.
12. Living Living married Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
13. Living Children:
- 6. BLOUIN DIT LAVIOLETTE, Émery was born about 1641 in Saint-Pierre d'Étusson, Bressuire, Poitou, France; died on 14 Jul 1707 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
14. CARREAU DIT LAFRAICHEUR, Louis and died. Louis married LEROUGE DIT ST-DENIS, Jeanne. Jeanne and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
15. LEROUGE DIT ST-DENIS, Jeanne and died. Children:
- 7. CARREAU DIT LAFRAICHEUR, Marie was born on 20 Mar 1655 in Québec, Canada; died on 10 Feb 1722 in Saint-Jean, Île-d'Orléans, (Montmorency), Québec, Canada.
- CARREAU DIT LAFRAICHEUR, Marguerite and died.
- CARREAU DIT LAFRAICHEUR, Louise was born on 17 Apr 1664 in Québec, (Québec-ville), Québec, Canada; was christened on 18 Apr 1664 in (Notre-Dame-de-Québec), Québec, (Québec-ville), Canada; and died.